Glossary

The ratio between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground (for example, 1:24,000). A larger scale shows more detail over a smaller area.

The panel that explains what the map’s symbols, colors, and line styles represent.

Lines that connect points of equal elevation. Closely spaced contours indicate steep terrain; widely spaced contours indicate gentle slopes.

A detailed map that represents the shape and elevation of the land surface using contour lines and relief.

The grid of coordinates used to describe any location on Earth. Latitude runs east–west; longitude runs north–south.

The figure on a map that shows orientation and the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west).

The representation of the shape and height differences of terrain, often shown with shading, contours, or color.

The four main points of the compass: north, south, east, and west.